Sunday, February 15, 2015

The Sexualization of Early Childhood


For a long time, I have held a strong opinion that today's children simply are not allowed to enjoy the innocence of childhood. Children are constantly exposed to messages about sex and violence from a very young age, and these messages are confusing and scary for children (Levin & Kilbourne, 2009). As I read our course readings that discussed this issue this week, I found myself aligning with Levin and Kilbourne (2009) and did not want to stop reading when the introduction to the book ended. I may have to put this book on my "To read soon" list, since this is an issue I think children struggle with at increasing rates every day. The messages children receive from movies, television shows, popular video games, and toys sends the message that for girls to be feminine, they must be beautiful, thin, and sexy and that their accomplishments and intellect do not matter (Levin & Kilbourne, 2009). This is an extremely narrow definition of femininity, and is one that needs to be contradicted strongly and with great urgency. Similarly, a narrow definition of masculinity is being conveyed, with messages that to be manly you must engage in acts that demonstrate physical prowess, insensitivity, and even violent behavior (Levin & Kilbourne, 2009). Children learn that to fit in they must conform to these rigid ideals, and many struggle to fit in. They learn that relationships should be based on sex and do not have to contain emotions, attachment, love or friendship. This is extremely detrimental to children's development because it takes away from other developmental tasks children need for healthy development.

To illustrate children's exposure to a highly sexualized environment, I offer the following examples:

1) Elementary school students in our district, ages 6 through 10,  have demonstrated the acceptance of these rigid gender roles. Girls discount their intelligence, accomplishments, and even their athletic performance in favor of dressing provocatively (I've seen girls as young as third grade in shorts and skirts that left nothing to the imagination, and make comments about how beautiful and sexy they look), wearing makeup.

2) Children's movies and television shows sensationalize male choice and female sacrifice. This is further illustrated in the discussion of children's Disney movies in Lee (2008). Disney movies such as The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King, and Aladdin sensationalize male choice in life and women's sacrifice. Women do not hold leadership roles. Even in the three Toy Story movies, that tries to portray a strong female character (Jessie), she takes a backseat to the male characters in the story, and sexual relationships are suggested between Jessie and Buzz, and of course Barbie and Ken.

3) This leads me to children's toys and games. Video games are increasingly violent and desensitize children to violence. Barbie and Ken (by Mattel) show impossible to obtain physiques that lead to feelings of inadequacy for children that extend into teenage years and adulthood. In the relationship between Barbie and Ken, appearance is significant. Barbie is beautiful, fashionable, slender, and portrayed as someone who does not think for herself. Ken, also attractive, well dressed, and very masculine, is more powerful.

This is not the messages we want to send to our children. We want them to grow up to be healthy adults capable of engaging in healthy, fulfilling relationships that contain key elements such as friendship, trust, love, and being true to yourself.

Therefore, as early childhood professionals, we must reduce the negative impacts of the media on children by engaging children in discussions that center on gender equity and fairness. We can also observe children's play, and encourage children to engage in activities that  are not typical for those assigned to their gender. For example, Derman-Sparks and Edwards (2010) recommends observing children's activities during free choice time, and making sure girls are engaging in activities such as blocks and building or other action activities that are typically dominated by boys, and boys are engaging in puzzles, dramatic play, art and small manipulative materials typically dominated by girls.

References

Derman-Sparks, L., & Olsen Edwards, J. (2010). Anti-bias education for young children and ourselves. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC).

Lee, L. (2008). Understanding gender through Disney’s marriages: A study of young Korean immigrant girls. Early Childhood Education Journal, 36(1), 11-18.

 

Levin, D. E., & Kilbourne, J. (2009). [Introduction]. So sexy so soon: The new sexualized childhood and what parents can do to protect their kids (pp. 1-8). New York: Ballantine Books. Retrieved from: http://dianeelevin.com/sosexysosoon/introduction.pdf

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